India's Blue Gold & Liquid Yellow Gold
From Indian Small Pelagic Fishery
Not a protein sink — a protein amplifier. India's Fishmeal & Fish Oil Story
A single, unified, scientifically argued national position paper prepared for policymakers, researchers, fishers and producers — consolidating three years of industry research, sustainability metrics, and stakeholder consultation into one master reference document.
Dr. Mohamed Dawood Sait
President, IMIA — dedicated past three years towards sustainability and recognition of the Indian fishmeal industry
Prof. Dr. Dinesh Kaippilly, Co-Author
Registrar, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi-682506, Kerala, India
🏛 Policymakers · 🔬 Researchers · 🎣 Fishers · 🏭 Fishmeal Producers
Foreword
For three decades, India's fishmeal and fish oil sector has done its work in silence. It has risen before dawn with the fishers, absorbed the surplus that the market could not carry, and rescued from spoilage the very biomass that a warm tropical coastline condemns within six hours. It has quietly fed a domestic aquaculture industry that today ranks among the fastest growing in the world, and it has quietly exported concentrated protein to nations that themselves possess coastlines, fleets and reduction plants. And yet, despite this contribution, the sector has been described in parts of the literature as a "protein sink" — a phrase imported from distant fisheries, applied without the biological, economic or temporal context of the Indian coast.
This master article is written to correct that record.
It is not a rebuttal. It is a consolidation. Across the past three years, the Indian Marine Ingredients Association has engaged with policymakers, researchers, certifying bodies, fisher communities and producers to build a single, evidence-anchored national position. That position is straightforward: assessed against the four metrics the world already trusts — FIFO, eFIFO, FFDR and Effort — India's marine ingredients sector is not a sink. It is an amplifier. It converts a six-hour biological asset into a two-year global food security asset. It routes human-grade landings to human plates first, and only surplus into reduction. It feeds India, and it feeds the world, from the same coastline, in the same tide.
The purpose of this document is threefold. First, to place on the record — in one citable reference — the scientific, ecological and economic argument for the sector, so that future policy, research and international representation may draw from a common national source. Second, to clear the misconceptions that have shaped an inaccurate public narrative, particularly the claim that fishmeal "steals food from human plates." It does not. It rescues what would otherwise be lost. Third, to offer a phased, decade-long pathway — from recognition to frontier expansion to value addition to superpower — that policymakers, researchers, fishers and producers can align to without ambiguity.
This article is deliberately written for four audiences at once: the policymaker who must decide, the researcher who must assess, the fisher whose livelihood is at stake, and the producer who carries the industrial responsibility. Each will find, in the pages that follow, a section addressed directly to them. Each is asked to read not as an outsider to the debate, but as a custodian of India's Blue Gold and Liquid Yellow Gold.
The evidence in this document is not new. What is new is that it now stands together, in one master reference, issued in the name of the national industry association. If read with an open mind, it should settle the sink-versus-amplifier question once and for all — not through rhetoric, but through the same metrics the world has already agreed to use.
India possesses the coastline, the biomass, the workforce, the aquaculture scale and the scientific institutions to become the protein superpower of the twenty-first century. What has been missing is not the resource. It is the recognition. This master article is offered towards that recognition — for the record, for citation, and for the decade ahead.
— Dr. Mohamed Dawood Sait
President, Indian Marine Ingredients Association
ONE INDIA · ONE FIP · JAI HIND
Table of Contents
Part I · The Resource & The Record (§1–4)
01. Two Golds Rising from India's Coast
02. The Core Misconception — Setting the Record Straight
03. The 9% vs 45% Question — Where India Stands
04. India's Fishmeal Production Map — 5.5 Lakh Tonnes
Part II · Ecological & Utilisation Logic (§5–7)
05. The 6-Hour Rule — Ecological Timing & the Protein Amplifier
06. Human First, Fishmeal Next — The Utilisation Hierarchy
07. India is Under-Explored — Not Over-Fished
Part III · The National Opportunity (§8–9)
08. India Can Be the World's Protein Superpower
09. The Importer Paradox — Why Oceanic Nations Buy from India
Part IV · The Scientific Evidence (§10–11)
10. The Four Metrics That Prove We Are an Amplifier
11. Myths vs Reality — Correcting the Narrative
Part V · The Pathway Forward (§12–14)
12. A Direct Message to Every Stakeholder
13. The Policy Pathway — 2026 to 2035
14. Vision · Glossary · References
Abstract
For decades the Indian fishmeal and fish oil sector has been misunderstood — described in some literature as a "protein sink" that diverts nutrition away from human plates. Assessed rigorously against the globally accepted sustainability metrics — FIFO, eFIFO, FFDR and Effort — the scientific evidence points to the opposite conclusion. The sector is a protein amplifier, a climate-resilient pillar of India's blue economy, and a strategic national asset. It rescues surplus small pelagic landings that would otherwise spoil within six hours at tropical coastal temperatures, converts them into concentrated protein powder with a shelf-life extending to two years, and thereby underwrites both domestic aquaculture and international food security. This elaborated master article consolidates IMIA's national position across geography, production, ecological timing, utilisation hierarchy, sustainability science, importer economics, myth-correction, and stakeholder-specific recommendations. It is intended as a citable reference document for national policy discourse, scientific literature, and India's positioning at the international sustainability table.
Keywords: Fishmeal · Fish Oil · Blue Economy · FIFO · eFIFO · FFDR · Effort-Based Management · Nationally Coordinated FIP · WTO Sustainability · Small Pelagic · Aquaculture · Food Security · India
1. Two Golds Rising from India's Coast
What our fishermen land every morning is not "trash fish." It is Blue Gold. What flows out of every fishmeal plant is not "smelly by-product." It is Liquid Yellow Gold. Both are strategic national resources — comparable in economic and nutritional weight to oil, gas and rare earths — because the world's protein future depends on them. Yet within India's own policy discourse, these two golds are still called "cheap raw material" or "reduction fisheries." That narrative belongs to the last century. This master article is written to end it.
Blue Gold — Fishmeal: Concentrated Protein
A shelf-stable powder of 65–72% crude protein derived from small pelagic, bycatch and processing trimmings that would otherwise spoil within six hours at tropical coastal temperatures.
Foundation of global aquaculture feed formulation
Highly digestible amino acid profile
Two-year shelf life — enabling year-round food security
Compact, transportable, low logistics footprint
Liquid Yellow Gold — Fish Oil: Omega-3 Nutrition
The world's most concentrated natural source of EPA and DHA long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids — powering premium salmon, shrimp, human nutraceuticals and infant nutrition.
Irreplaceable in premium salmonid diets
Backbone of the global Omega-3 nutraceutical industry
Produced along Indian coasts — largely undervalued at home
Represents India's next great value-addition frontier
India's coastline stretches over 7,500 kilometres. Every metre of it is a potential contributor to the two golds. What remains missing is not the resource — it is the recognition.
2. The Core Misconception — Setting the Record Straight
The single most damaging misconception surrounding this sector is the claim that fishmeal production "steals food from human plates." It does not. The industry does the opposite. It rescues surplus landings that would spoil within six hours, converts them into concentrated protein powder, and extends that nutrition across a two-year shelf life so it can be used throughout the year for world food security.
Corrected Position — For the RecordFishmeal use is not "stealing food from humans." The industry reuses surplus landings from spoiling in 6 hours and converts them into concentrated protein powder. It extends itself across two years so this protein can be used throughout the year for world food security. This is the definition of a protein amplifier — not a protein sink.
The distinction matters because policy built on the wrong premise produces the wrong outcome. If policymakers accept the "sink" narrative, they design restrictions. If they accept the "amplifier" reality, they design enablers. This article exists to move the conversation from restriction to enablement.
3. The 9% vs 45% Question — Where India Stands
Global aquafeed formulation has been steadily reducing fishmeal inclusion for two decades through better plant-protein blending, single-cell protein research, and enzyme technology. India, however, stands at a very different point on this curve. Understanding this gap is essential for every stakeholder.
Metric | Value | Note |
World Average | 9% | Fishmeal per kg of aquafeed produced globally — falling year after year |
India Today | 45% | Fishmeal per kg of feed in Indian aquaculture — concentrated in five coastal states |
This 45% is not a weakness — it is a strategic opportunity. It shows how much value India is currently leaving on the table. Every percentage point our researchers reduce through better formulation science creates surplus fishmeal that can be exported for world food security — earning valuable foreign exchange while simultaneously feeding the planet. Moving from 45% to even 25% inclusion would liberate roughly 220,000 additional metric tonnes of fishmeal for the export basket without touching a single additional fishing vessel.
India's Fishmeal Sector — Concentrated in Five Coastal States
Kerala · Karnataka · Goa · Maharashtra · Tamil Nadu
The entire national fishmeal output is produced by these five states. The east coast, inland regions and the Gujarat coast remain untapped frontiers — meaning India has not even begun to reach its true potential. Every credible national fisheries survey confirms that the small pelagic biomass along these under-served coasts is abundant, seasonal, and highly resilient.
4. India's Fishmeal Production Map — 5.5 Lakh Tonnes
Let the numbers speak plainly. India today produces approximately 550,000 metric tonnes of fishmeal annually. The distribution of this output demonstrates the sector's dual role — feeding the nation and feeding the world.
Flow | Volume | Purpose |
Total National Production | 550,000 MT | Annual national fishmeal output |
Domestic Use | 180,000 MT | Consumed by Indian aquaculture to produce ~1.4 million MT of shrimp feed |
Exported Globally | 370,000 MT | Direct contribution to world food security through international protein trade |
This is not a "protein drain." This is India feeding herself and feeding the world at the same time — from a resource that would otherwise rot on our shores within a single working shift. Every kilogram of low value fish, purchased today at ₹30–50, becomes high value shrimp — a textbook recirculatory blue economy that preserves highly sustainable, abundant small pelagic landings which would otherwise spoil in six hours.
5. The 6-Hour Rule — Ecological Timing & the Protein Amplifier
The ecological argument for fishmeal is fundamentally a story about time. Small pelagic species — oil sardine, lesser sardines, anchovies, mackerel — are among the most abundant marine biomass in the Indian Ocean. They are also the most rapidly perishable protein on earth. At tropical coastal temperatures of 30–35°C, without cold chain, these fish spoil within six hours of landing. Beyond that window, they are neither fit for human consumption nor for animal feed. They become waste — a loss of nutrition, a loss of livelihood, and a loss of ecological value.
From Landing to Global Shelf — The 6-Hour Rescue Chain
Landing — Surplus small pelagic biomass landed at tropical coastal temperatures
6-Hour Window — Without processing, the entire landing spoils within six hours
Rescue — Industry receives, cooks, presses and dries within the spoilage window
Concentrate — Wet biomass is converted into concentrated protein powder + fish oil
2-Year Shelf — Shelf life extends to 24 months, enabling year-round world food security
The industry's role is to convert a six-hour biological asset into a two-year global food security asset. That is a time-amplification of more than 2,900×. No other food industry on earth performs a comparable temporal rescue at this scale. To describe this activity as a "protein sink" is to invert its actual function.
6. Human First, Fishmeal Next — The Utilisation Hierarchy
India's marine ingredients sector operates under a clear utilisation hierarchy that must be understood by every policymaker and researcher. The industry does not compete with human food. It comes after human food. The hierarchy is unambiguous.
Post-Landing Utilisation Hierarchy — India
Human First — Fresh landings prioritised for direct human consumption at domestic markets
Canning — Higher-value grades routed to canning for domestic and export shelves
Smoking — Traditional smoking preserves nutritional value for cultural markets
IQF Export — Individually Quick-Frozen supply chains reach international premium buyers
Fishmeal — Only the surplus that would otherwise spoil in 6 hours enters reduction
India has an abundant, resilient small pelagic resource. After landing, the flow is: human first, exports for canning, smoking and IQF next, and only then does the surplus enter fishmeal. This hierarchy is enforced by simple market economics — human-grade fish always commands a higher price than reduction-grade. Any policy discussion must begin from this factual sequence, not from the inverted assumption that fishmeal comes first.
7. India is Under-Explored — Not Over-Fished
The narrative that India is "over-fishing" ignores a fundamental geographic and technological reality: the pelagic fishing gears required to harvest India's abundant small pelagic biomass have not yet been developed across three of our biggest coastlines.
The Untapped Frontier of Indian Pelagic Fisheries
East Coast — Pelagic gear infrastructure remains nascent; vast small pelagic biomass is under-harvested along the entire eastern seaboard from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu.
Inland & Riverine — Inland aquaculture-linked ingredient chains remain underdeveloped despite India's massive freshwater potential and the world's largest inland fisheries sector.
Gujarat Coast — One of India's longest coastlines, yet pelagic gear development remains in its early stages relative to actual biomass potential and market demand.
The conclusion is unambiguous: India is not scraping the bottom of the barrel. India has not yet lifted the lid of the barrel. Every credible effort-based indicator — Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE), vessel-days, gear intensity, and F versus FMSY — confirms that our small pelagic stocks are abundant, seasonal and resilient. Policy must be built on this biological reality, not on imported narratives derived from Atlantic or Pacific stock histories.
8. India Can Be the World's Protein Superpower
With the longest under-exploited pelagic coastline in the Indian Ocean, the fastest-growing shrimp aquaculture industry in the world, and a fishmeal sector already exporting 370,000 MT of protein globally, India possesses every ingredient required to become the protein superpower of the twenty-first century.
What we need is not restriction. What we need is recognition, coordinated policy, science-based single-species shared stock assessment, and a nationally unified Fishery Improvement Programme.
India is uniquely positioned. No other nation in the Indian Ocean combines this coastline, this workforce, this aquaculture scale, and this ingredient production base. If we act now — with unified policy, scientific rigour, and value-addition investment — the "protein superpower" title is not aspiration. It is inevitability.
9. The Importer Paradox — Why Oceanic Nations Buy From India
"Every country that imports fishmeal from India is itself an oceanic country — with its own coastline, its own fishmeal industry, its own aquaculture, and its own feed mills. So why are they importing fishmeal from India?"
The answer is uncomfortable but essential: they import Indian fishmeal because they have mastered value addition. From 1 kg of Indian fishmeal, they produce approximately 6 kg of premium aquafeed. They then use that feed to culture premium seafood species — salmon, sea bass, high-value shrimp — which they export back into global premium markets at multi-times the value.
1 kg Indian Fishmeal → 6 kg Premium Feed → Premium Seafood Export
India today exports the raw protein. Importing nations capture the value multiplier. If we build the same value-add infrastructure at home — premium feed formulation, premium seafood culture, marine nutraceuticals, Omega-3 refining, marine collagen, hydrolysed peptides — India will not merely feed the world; India will earn from feeding the world. This is the difference between exporting cotton and exporting garments. It is the difference between exporting iron ore and exporting steel. It is the difference between commodity and capability.
10. The Four Metrics That Prove We Are an Amplifier
Every scientific ratio applied by MarinTrust, ASC, IFFO, FAO and every credible sustainability body confirms the same story: Indian fishmeal is not a sink; it is an amplifier. The following four metrics — the exact instruments the world already trusts — carry the evidence.
FIFO — Fish In : Fish Out — The Multiplier
The globally accepted FIFO ratio demonstrates that Indian fishmeal and fish oil are not a drain — they are a multiplier of aquatic protein. For every kilogram of fishmeal used, the aquaculture output measured in edible fish or shrimp is several times higher.
Output Species | Yield per 1 kg Fishmeal |
Farmed Fish (Tilapia, Carp) | 5.0 kg |
Farmed Shrimp (Vannamei) | 4.0 kg |
Premium Salmonid | 1.2 kg |
Read as a national ledger, 1 kg of Indian marine ingredient becomes 4–5 kg of human food. That is the arithmetic of amplification.
eFIFO — Economic FIFO — The Fairest Picture
eFIFO asks: "How much of that wild fish was actually caught FOR fishmeal, versus just used as by-product?" — the fairest picture.
Category | Share of Indian Fishmeal Input |
Directly Targeted for Fishmeal | ~10% |
By-product & Bycatch (trimmings, spoilage-prone landings, low-value bycatch — rescued from waste) | ~90% |
Read under eFIFO, India is one of the most sustainable marine ingredient chains in the world. Researchers who assess the sector on FIFO alone obtain an incomplete picture. eFIFO gives the fairest picture — and India passes with distinction.
FFDR — Forage Fish Dependency Ratio
The metric applied by MarinTrust, ASC and every credible global sustainability body. The lower the value, the better the performance. India performs comfortably within the sustainable band on both meal and oil axes.
Ratio | Indian Value | Global Threshold |
FFDRm — Indian Shrimp (meal) | < 0.5 | 1.0 |
FFDRo — Fish Oil Dependency | < 1.0 | 1.0 |
Effort — Fishing Effort — The Biological Truth
Effort-based management is the globally accepted framework for tropical multi-species fisheries. It measures pressure on the stock rather than tonnage of catch — and it delivers the biological truth that blanket restrictions cannot.
CPUE (Catch Per Unit Effort): Stable to rising along Indian small pelagic fisheries
Vessel-days: Well below over-exploitation thresholds in most segments
Gear intensity: Concentrated seasonally, not year-round
F vs FMSY: Indian small pelagic stocks remain below Maximum Sustainable Yield fishing pressure
All four indicators confirm that India's small pelagic stocks (sardine, anchovy, mackerel, oil sardine) are abundant, seasonal, resilient, and below over-exploitation thresholds. Effort-based management is the correct policy instrument — not restrictions built on tonnage caps that ignore biology.
11. Myths vs Reality — Correcting the Narrative
The public conversation surrounding fishmeal has been shaped by a small number of persistent myths. Each one collapses under scientific scrutiny. Setting these on the record — side by side with the corrected reality — is essential for informed policy.
The Myth | The Reality |
"Fishmeal steals food from humans." | Fishmeal reuses surplus landings that would spoil in six hours and converts them into concentrated protein powder — extending shelf life to two years for world food security. |
"India is over-fishing its coast." | India has vast under-explored frontiers on the east coast, inland regions, and Gujarat. Effort-based indicators confirm stocks remain below FMSY. |
"Fishmeal is a protein sink." | Every FIFO calculation shows a 4–5× amplification into farmed fish and shrimp. It is a protein amplifier, not a sink. |
"Small pelagic should only be eaten directly." | India already follows a strict hierarchy — human first, then canning, smoking, IQF, and only surplus into fishmeal. Market prices enforce this order. |
"Fishmeal is unsustainable by definition." | Under eFIFO, ~90% of Indian fishmeal input is by-product, bycatch and spoilage-prone landings — making India one of the most sustainable chains globally. |
"Restrictions will help fishers." | Restrictions will collapse raw-fish price from around ₹60 to ₹25 — or force strikes. Fishers lose. Only value-addition and coordinated FIP protect livelihoods. |
12. A Direct Message to Every Stakeholder
🏛 To Policymakers
Do not measure our sector by imported foreign narratives. Measure it by FIFO, eFIFO, FFDR and Effort — the four metrics the world already trusts. Every one of them confirms India is a protein amplifier. Support a nationally coordinated FIP, science-based single-species shared stock assessment, and value-add infrastructure. This sector is a strategic national asset — and must be treated as such at the WTO sustainability table.
Endorse ONE INDIA · ONE FIP as national policy
Fund pelagic gear development for east coast, inland and Gujarat
Incentivise value-addition — feed mills, refining, nutraceuticals
Represent Indian science, not imported narratives, at international forums
🔬 To Researchers & Institutes
Science-based, biological single-species shared stock assessment rather than man-made boundaries. Multiple FIPs will have multiple outcomes — this compromises our position on the international sustainability table. Assess the sector on eFIFO for the fairest picture. Help bring India's aquafeed fishmeal inclusion from 45% closer to the global 9% through better formulation science — creating surplus for world food security.
Publish India-specific FIFO, eFIFO and FFDR data
Support single-species shared stock assessment methodology
Collaborate on plant-protein and single-cell protein blending research
Anchor policy in Indian biology, not Atlantic case studies
🎣 To Our Fishers
Know what is proposed. Understand your livelihood impact. This year the industry can pay around ₹60 for raw fish. But if corrosive restriction is imposed without any reason, the industry will only be able to pay ₹25 to buy your raw fish — or go on strike. Your Blue Gold feeds India and feeds the world — and it must be valued as such. Stand with the industry that stands with you.
🏭 To Fishmeal Producers
You are not "processors of trash fish." You are custodians of India's Blue Gold and Liquid Yellow Gold. Every kilogram you produce prevents six hours of spoilage, generates four to five kilograms of premium aquaculture protein, and earns foreign exchange. Invest in value-addition — premium feed formulation, Omega-3 refining, marine collagen, hydrolysed peptides, nutraceuticals. Do not export raw protein alone. Own the value chain.
Modernise processing lines for premium-grade output
Integrate downstream — Omega-3, collagen, peptides, nutraceuticals
Adhere to MarinTrust and IFFO responsible-supply certification
Speak with one national voice through IMIA
13. The Policy Pathway — 2026 to 2035
A vision without a pathway is a wish. This master article closes with a concrete, phased pathway across the decade — a roadmap that policymakers, researchers, fishers and producers can align to.
Phase | Priority Actions | Expected National Outcome |
2026–2028 Recognition | Adopt ONE INDIA · ONE FIP. Establish national single-species shared stock assessment. Publish Indian FIFO / eFIFO / FFDR baselines. | Sector officially recognised as a strategic national asset. India's sustainability position clarified at WTO and international forums. |
2028–2031 Frontier Expansion | Develop pelagic gear for east coast, inland and Gujarat. Support responsible expansion of landings under effort-based rules. | National fishmeal output rises without pressure on existing five-state stocks. Employment expansion along new coastlines. |
2031–2033 Value Addition | Scale premium feed mills, Omega-3 refining, collagen, peptides and marine nutraceuticals. Incentivise downstream integration. | India moves from raw-protein exporter to premium marine-nutrition exporter. Foreign-exchange earnings multiplied. |
2033–2035 Superpower | Elevate domestic aquafeed inclusion efficiency, solidify leadership within India's premium feed brand sector, and capitalise on the premium feed market. | India recognised as the world's protein superpower — feeding herself and the world simultaneously. |
The Vision — One India · One FIP · One Protein Superpower
India possesses the coastline, the biomass, the fishers, the producers and the science. What is now required is national unity, scientific honesty, and a coordinated policy backbone. Judge us by FIFO, eFIFO, FFDR and Effort. Support the untapped east coast, inland and Gujarat frontiers. Build value addition at home. India will not merely feed itself — India will feed the world.
This elaborated master article, issued as a single unified document, stands as IMIA's consolidated national position — for reference, for citation, and for the record. We are not a protein sink, sir. We are a protein amplifier.
Glossary of Key Terms
FIFO — Fish In : Fish OutThe ratio of wild fish input to farmed fish output. A value below 1.0 indicates protein amplification.
eFIFO — Economic FIFOAdjusts FIFO to account for by-products and bycatch — measuring only what is caught for fishmeal. The fairest picture.
FFDR — Forage Fish Dependency RatioStandard used by MarinTrust and ASC for certifying responsible feed use, with meal (FFDRm) and oil (FFDRo) sub-metrics.
F vs FMSYFishing pressure compared to the level supporting Maximum Sustainable Yield. Values below 1.0 indicate sustainable exploitation.
CPUE — Catch Per Unit EffortA biological indicator of stock health — the catch obtained per standardised fishing effort unit.
FIP — Fishery Improvement ProjectA multistakeholder project to move a fishery toward sustainability certification. India requires a nationally coordinated FIP.
IQF — Individually Quick-FrozenPreservation technique that freezes each fish separately at low temperature, preserving quality for human consumption export.
Referenced Frameworks & Indicators
IFFO — The Marine Ingredients Organisation — Custodian of the FIFO and eFIFO methodology; publisher of the evolution of sustainability metrics for marine ingredients.
MarinTrust — Global certification programme for the responsible supply of marine ingredients; source of FFDRm and FFDRo sustainability thresholds.
ASC — Aquaculture Stewardship Council — Standards for responsible aquaculture, referencing forage fish dependency in feed ingredient assessment.
FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — Effort-based stock health indicators including CPUE, vessel-days, and F versus FMSY.
CMFRI — Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute — National authority on Indian marine stock assessment, small pelagic biomass and species-level effort data.
Department of Fisheries, Government of India — National fisheries policy framework, blue economy strategy, and PMMSY implementation authority.
MPEDA — Marine Products Export Development Authority — Regulator and promoter of Indian seafood and marine ingredient exports.
Issued by the Indian Marine Ingredients Association (IMIA)
Dr. Mohamed Dawood Sait
President, IMIA — dedicated the past three years towards sustainability and recognition of the Indian fishmeal industry
ONE INDIA · ONE OCEAN · ONE VOICE · ONE FIPJAI HIND
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